R: Plotting zoo Objects (2024)

Description

Plotting method for objects of class "zoo".

Usage

## S3 method for class 'zoo'plot(x, y = NULL, screens, plot.type, panel = lines, xlab = "Index", ylab = NULL, main = NULL, xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, xy.labels = FALSE, xy.lines = NULL, yax.flip = FALSE, oma = c(6, 0, 5, 0), mar = c(0, 5.1, 0, if(yax.flip) 5.1 else 2.1), col = 1, lty = 1, lwd = 1, pch = 1, type = "l", log = "", nc, widths = 1, heights = 1, ...)## S3 method for class 'zoo'lines(x, y = NULL, type = "l", ...)## S3 method for class 'zoo'points(x, y = NULL, type = "p", ...)

Arguments

Details

The methods for plot and lines are very similarto the corresponding ts methods. However, the handling ofseveral graphical parameters is more flexible for multivariate series.These parameters can be vectors of the same length as the number ofseries plotted or are recycled if shorter. They can also be (partially)named list, e.g., list(A = c(1,2), c(3,4)) in which c(3, 4)is the default value and c(1, 2) the value only for series A.The screens argument can be specified in a similar way.If plot.type and screens conflict then multiple plotswill be assumed. Also see the examples.

In the case of a custom panel the panel can referenceparent.frame$panel.number in order to determine whichframe the panel is being called from. See examples.

par(mfrow=...) and Axis can be used in conjunction with single panel plots in the same way as with other classic graphics.

For multi-panel graphics, plot.zoo takes over the layout sopar(mfrow=...) cannot be used. Axis can be used withinthe panels themselves but not outside the panel. See examples.Also, par(new = TRUE) is not supported for multi-panel graphics.

In addition to classical time series line plots, there is also asimple barplot method for "zoo" series. Additionally,there is a boxplot method that visualizes the coredataof the "zoo" series with a box plot.

See Also

zoo, plot.ts, barplot,boxplot, xyplot.zoo

Examples

## example datesx.Date <- as.Date(paste(2003, 02, c(1, 3, 7, 9, 14), sep = "-"))## univariate plottingx <- zoo(rnorm(5), x.Date)x2 <- zoo(rnorm(5, sd = 0.2), x.Date)plot(x)lines(x2, col = 2)## multivariate plottingz <- cbind(x, x2, zoo(rnorm(5, sd = 0.5), x.Date))plot(z, type = "b", pch = 1:3, col = 1:3, ylab = list(expression(mu), "b", "c"))colnames(z) <- LETTERS[1:3]plot(z, screens = 1, col = list(B = 2))plot(z, type = "b", pch = 1:3, col = 1:3)plot(z, type = "b", pch = list(A = 1:5, B = 3), col = list(C = 4, 2))plot(z, type = "b", screen = c(1,2,1), col = 1:3)# right axis is for broken linesplot(x)opar <- par(usr = c(par("usr")[1:2], range(x2)))lines(x2, lty = 2)# axis(4)axis(side = 4)par(opar)## Custom x axis labelling using a custom panel.# 1. test dataz <- zoo(c(21, 34, 33, 41, 39, 38, 37, 28, 33, 40), as.Date(c("1992-01-10", "1992-01-17", "1992-01-24", "1992-01-31", "1992-02-07", "1992-02-14", "1992-02-21", "1992-02-28", "1992-03-06", "1992-03-13")))zz <- merge(a = z, b = z+10)# 2. axis tick for every point. Also every 3rd point labelled.my.panel <- function(x, y, ..., pf = parent.frame()) { fmt <- "%b-%d" # format for axis labels lines(x, y, ...) # if bottom panel if (with(pf, length(panel.number) == 0 || panel.number %% nr == 0 || panel.number == nser)) { # create ticks at x values and then label every third tick axis(side = 1, at = x, labels = FALSE) ix <- seq(1, length(x), 3) labs <- format(x, fmt) axis(side = 1, at = x[ix], labels = labs[ix], tcl = -0.7, cex.axis = 0.7) }}# 3. plotplot(zz, panel = my.panel, xaxt = "n")# with a single panel plot a fancy x-axis is just the same# procedure as for the ordinary plot commandplot(zz, screen = 1, col = 1:2, xaxt = "n")# axis(1, at = time(zz), labels = FALSE)tt <- time(zz)axis(side = 1, at = tt, labels = FALSE)ix <- seq(1, length(tt), 3)fmt <- "%b-%d" # format for axis labelslabs <- format(tt, fmt)# axis(1, at = time(zz)[ix], labels = labs[ix], tcl = -0.7, cex.axis = 0.7)axis(side = 1, at = tt[ix], labels = labs[ix], tcl = -0.7, cex.axis = 0.7)legend("bottomright", colnames(zz), lty = 1, col = 1:2)## plot a mulitple ts series with nice x-axis using panel functiontab <- ts(cbind(A = 1:24, B = 24:1), start = c(2006, 1), freq = 12)pnl.xaxis <- function(...) { lines(...) panel.number <- parent.frame()$panel.number nser <- parent.frame()$nser # if bottom panel if (!length(panel.number) || panel.number == nser) { tt <- list(...)[[1]] ym <- as.yearmon(tt) mon <- as.numeric(format(ym, "%m")) yy <- format(ym, "%y") mm <- substring(month.abb[mon], 1, 1) if (any(mon == 1)) # axis(1, tt[mon == 1], yy[mon == 1], cex.axis = 0.7) axis(side = 1, at = tt[mon == 1], labels = yy[mon == 1], cex.axis = 0.7) # axis(1, tt[mon > 1], mm[mon > 1], cex.axis = 0.5, tcl = -0.3) axis(side = 1, at = tt[mon > 1], labels = mm[mon > 1], cex.axis = 0.5, tcl = -0.3) }}plot(as.zoo(tab), panel = pnl.xaxis, xaxt = "n", main = "Fancy X Axis")## Another example with a custom axis# test dataz <- zoo(matrix(1:25, 5), c(10,11,20,21))colnames(z) <- letters[1:5]plot(zoo(coredata(z)), xaxt = "n", panel = function(x, y, ..., Time = time(z)) { lines(x, y, ...) # if bottom panel pf <- parent.frame() if (with(pf, panel.number %% nr == 0 || panel.number == nser)) { axis(side = 1, at = x, labels = Time) }})## plot with left and right axes## modified from http://www.mayin.org/ajayshah/KB/R/html/g6.htmlsuppressWarnings(RNGversion("3.5.0"))set.seed(1)z <- zoo(cbind(A = c*msum(rnorm(100)), B = c*msum(rnorm(100, mean = 0.2))))opar <- par(mai = c(.8, .8, .2, .8))plot(z[,1], type = "l", xlab = "x-axis label", ylab = colnames(z)[1])par(new = TRUE)plot(z[,2], type = "l", ann = FALSE, yaxt = "n", col = "blue")# axis(4)axis(side = 4)legend(x = "topleft", bty = "n", lty = c(1,1), col = c("black", "blue"), legend = paste(colnames(z), c("(left scale)", "(right scale)")))usr <- par("usr")# if you don't care about srt= in text then mtext is shorter:# mtext(colnames(z)[2], 4, 2, col = "blue")text(usr[2] + .1 * diff(usr[1:2]), mean(usr[3:4]), colnames(z)[2], srt = -90, xpd = TRUE, col = "blue")par(opar)## another plot with left and right axes## modified from https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2014-May/375293.htmld1 <- c(38.2, 18.1, 83.2, 42.7, 22.8, 48.1, 81.8, 129.6, 52.0, 110.3)d2 <- c(2.2, 0.8, 0.7, 1.6, 0.9, 0.9, 1.1, 2.8, 5.1, 2.1)z1 <- zooreg(d1, start = as.POSIXct("2013-01-01 00:00:01"), frequency = 0.0000006)z2 <- zooreg(d2, start = as.POSIXct("2013-01-01 00:00:20"), frequency = 0.0000006)zt <- zooreg(rnorm(1050), start = as.POSIXct("2013-01-01 00:00:01"), frequency = 0.00007)z <- merge(zt, z1, z2, all = TRUE)z <- na.spline(z[,2:3], na.rm = FALSE)## function to round up to a number divisible by n (2011 by Owen Jones)roundup <- function(x, n) ceiling(ceiling(x)/n) * n## plot how to match secondary y-axis ticks to primary onesplot(z$z1, ylim = c(0, signif(max(na.omit(z$z1)), 2)), xlab = "")## use multiplication for even tick numbers and fake sekondary y-axismax.yl <- roundup(max(na.omit(z$z2)), par("yaxp")[3])multipl.yl <- max(na.omit(z$z2)) / max.ylmultipl.z2 <- signif(max(na.omit(z$z1) * 1.05), 2)/max.yllines(z$z2 * multipl.z2, lty = 2)at4 <- axTicks(4)axis(4, at = at4, seq(0, max.yl, length.out = par("yaxp")[3] + 1))# automatically placed point labels## Not run: library("maptools")pointLabel(time(z), coredata(z[,2]), labels = format(time(z)), cex = 0.5)## End(Not run)## plot one zoo series against the other.plot(x, x2)plot(x, x2, xy.labels = TRUE)plot(x, x2, xy.labels = 1:5, xy.lines = FALSE)## shade a portion of a plot and make axis fancierv <- zooreg(rnorm(50), start = as.yearmon(2004), freq = 12)plot(v, type = "n")u <- par("usr")rect(as.yearmon("2007-8"), u[3], as.yearmon("2009-11"), u[4], border = 0, col = "grey")lines(v)axis(1, floor(time(v)), labels = FALSE, tcl = -1)## shade certain times to show recessions, etc.v <- zooreg(rnorm(50), start = as.yearmon(2004), freq = 12)plot(v, type = "n")u <- par("usr")rect(as.yearmon("2007-8"), u[3], as.yearmon("2009-11"), u[4], border = 0, col = "grey")lines(v)axis(1, floor(time(v)), labels = FALSE, tcl = -1)## fill area under plotpnl.xyarea <- function(x, y, fill.base = 0, col = 1, ...) { lines(x, y, ...) panel.number <- parent.frame()$panel.number col <- rep(col, length = panel.number)[panel.number] polygon(c(x[1], x, tail(x, 1), x[1]), c(fill.base, as.numeric(y), fill.base, fill.base), col = col)}plot(zoo(EuStockMarkets), col = rainbow(4), panel = pnl.xyarea)## barplotx <- zoo(cbind(rpois(5, 2), rpois(5, 3)), x.Date)barplot(x, beside = TRUE)## boxplotboxplot(x)## 3d plot## The persp function in R (not part of zoo) works with zoo objects.## The following example is by Enrico Schumann.## https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-sig-finance/2009q1/003710.htmlnC <- 10 # columnsnO <- 100 # observationsdataM <- array(runif(nC * nO), dim=c(nO, nC))zz <- zoo(dataM, 1:nO)persp(1:nO, 1:nC, zz)# interactive plotting## Not run: library("TeachingDemos")tke.test1 <- list(Parameters = list(lwd = list("spinbox", init = 1, from = 0, to = 5, increment = 1, width = 5),lty = list("spinbox", init = 1, from = 0, to = 6, increment = 1, width = 5)))z <- zoo(rnorm(25))tkexamp(plot(z), tke.test1, plotloc = "top")## End(Not run)# setting ylim on a multi-panel plot - 2nd panel y axis range is 1-50data("anscombe", package = "datasets")ans6 <- zoo(anscombe[, 1:6])screens <- c(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3)ylim <- unname(tapply(as.list(ans6), screens, range))ylim[[2]] <- 1:50 # or ylim[[2]] <- c(1, 50)plot(ans6, screens = screens, ylim = ylim) 

[Package zoo version 1.8-12 Index]